Washing Reagents for Remediating Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Soil: A Review

Heavy-metal pollution of soils has become a major environmental concern around the world presently. Soil washing provides an effective measure removing contaminants from soil permanently, which reagent plays vital role in process. This article reviews current knowledge acquired on main aspects concerning reagents for remediation heavy-metal-contaminated based more than 150 published studies over period 1990 to 2021. The review identifies and discusses types with their associated characteristics. Based factors influencing remediation, multi-criteria decision-analysis, together integrated four-step procedure, is put forward manage selection prioritizing reagents. It crops out literature survey that balanced process by considering effect, impact, cost-effectiveness. On basis such observation evaluation, it recommended further study should be focused developing new or compound possess advantage heavy-metal removal ability, eco-friendliness, cost-effectiveness as well. Selecting agents are capable being recovered waste dissolved organic matter would promising trend remediation. Artificial intelligence expected assist